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PT -symmetric non-Hermitian Hopf metal

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Title
PT -symmetric non-Hermitian Hopf metal
Author(s)
Pak, Seik; Yeom, Cheol Hun; Sonu Verma; Park, Moon Jip
Publication Date
2024-03
Journal
Physical Review Research, v.6, no.1
Publisher
AMER PHYSICAL SOC
Abstract
The Hopf insulator is a representative class of three-dimensional topological insulators beyond the standard topological classification methods based on K theory. In this Letter, we describe the metallic counterpart of the Hopf insulator in non-Hermitian systems. While the Hopf invariant is not a stable topological index due to the additional non-Hermitian degree of freedom, we show that the PT symmetry stabilizes the Hopf invariant even in the presence of the non-Hermiticity. In sharp contrast to the Hopf insulator phase in the Hermitian counterpart, we describe an interesting result that the non-Hermitian Hopf bundle exhibits topologically protected non-Hermitian degeneracy, characterized by the two-dimensional surface of exceptional points. Despite the non-Hermiticity, the Hopf metal has the quantized Zak phase, which results in bulk-boundary correspondence by showing drumheadlike surface states at the boundary. Finally, we show that, by breaking PT symmetry, the nodal surface deforms into knotted exceptional lines. Our description of the Hopf metal phase confirms the existence of the non-Hermitian topological phase outside the framework of the standard topological classifications. © 2024 authors. Published by the American Physical Society. Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI.
URI
https://pr.ibs.re.kr/handle/8788114/15056
DOI
10.1103/PhysRevResearch.6.L012053
ISSN
2643-1564
Appears in Collections:
Center for Theoretical Physics of Complex Systems(복잡계 이론물리 연구단) > 1. Journal Papers (저널논문)
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