Extremal bipartite independence number and balanced coloring

Abstract

In this paper, we establish a couple of results on extremal problems in bipartite graphs. Firstly, we show that every sufficiently large bipartite graph with average degree D and with n vertices on each side has a balanced independent set containing (1−ϵ)[Formula presented]n vertices from each side for small ϵ>0. Secondly, we prove that the vertex set of every sufficiently large balanced bipartite graph with maximum degree at most Δ can be partitioned into (1+ϵ)[Formula presented] balanced independent sets. Both of these results are algorithmic and best possible up to a factor of 2, which might be hard to improve as evidenced by the phenomenon known as ‘algorithmic barrier’ in the literature. The first result improves a recent theorem of Axenovich, Sereni, Snyder, and Weber in a slightly more general setting. The second result improves a theorem of Feige and Kogan about coloring balanced bipartite graphs. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd