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Ferrorotational domain walls revealed by electric quadrupole second harmonic generation microscopy

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Title
Ferrorotational domain walls revealed by electric quadrupole second harmonic generation microscopy
Author(s)
Guo, X.; Owen, R.; Kaczmarek, A.; Fang, X.; Chandan De; Ahn, Y.; Hu, W.; Agarwal, N.; Sung, S.H.; Hovden, R.; Cheong, S.-W.; Zhao, L.
Publication Date
2023-05
Journal
Physical Review B, v.107, no.18
Publisher
American Physical Society
Abstract
Domain walls are ubiquitous in materials that undergo phase transitions driven by spontaneous symmetry breaking. Domain walls in ferroics and multiferroics have received tremendous attention recently due to their emergent properties distinct from their domain counterparts - for example, their high mobility and controllability, as well as their potential applications in nanoelectronics. However, it is extremely challenging to detect, visualize, and study the ferrorotational (FR) domain walls because the FR order, in contrast to ferromagnetism and ferroelectricity, is invariant under both the spatial-inversion and the time-reversal operations and, thus, hardly couple with conventional experimental probes. Here, a FR candidate NiTiO3 is investigated by ultrasensitive electric quadrupole (EQ) second-harmonic generation rotational anisotropy (SHG RA) to probe the point symmetries of the two degenerate FR domain states, showing their relation by the vertical mirror operations that are broken below the FR critical temperature. We then visualize the real-space FR domains by scanning EQ SHG microscopy, and further, resolve the FR domain walls by revealing a suppressed SHG intensity at the domain walls. By taking local EQ SHG RA measurements, we show the restoration of the mirror symmetry at FR domain walls and prove their unconventional nonpolar nature. Our findings not only provide a comprehensive insight into FR domain walls, but also demonstrate a unique and powerful tool for future studies on domain walls of unconventional ferroics both of which pave the way towards future manipulations and applications of FR domain walls.
URI
https://pr.ibs.re.kr/handle/8788114/14072
DOI
10.1103/PhysRevB.107.L180102
ISSN
2469-9950
Appears in Collections:
Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems(원자제어 저차원 전자계 연구단) > 1. Journal Papers (저널논문)
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