Despite spectacular developments of information technology in recent decades, which has resulted in devices as small as 20 nm in size, it has also revealed the fundamental limitation of downsizing. In order to overcome such limitation, CALDES aims to create atomically controlled artificial materials such as wires, layers, ultra-thin films, heterointerfaces, and multilayers that can host novel low-dimensional electronic systems, and devise methods to gain ultimate atomic-scale control over these materials and their local and global electronic properties. CALDES also plans to discover new types of quantum matter originating from exotic symmetries and orders of low-dimensional electrons, and address the physics issues posed by quantum phase fluctuations, competitions, and orders of low-dimensional electrons.