Vortex force in compressible spin-orbit-coupled Bose-Einstein condensates

Abstract

Using a (1+2)-dimensional boson-vortex duality between nonlinear electrodynamics and a two-component compressible Bose-Einstein condensate with spin-orbit (SO) coupling, we obtain hydrodynamic continuity and Euler equations where the phase defect and nondefect degrees of freedom enter separately, and a separate equation encompassing quantization of circulation. We obtain the generalized force on vortices under SO coupling, and associate the linear confinement of vortices due to SO coupling with instanton fluctuations of the dual theory. ©2017 American Physical Society