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Unraveling innate substrate control in site-selective palladium-catalyzed C-H heterocycle functionalization

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Title
Unraveling innate substrate control in site-selective palladium-catalyzed C-H heterocycle functionalization
Author(s)
Choi H.; Minsik Min; Peng Q.; Dahye Kang; Paton R.S.; Sungwoo Hong
Publication Date
2016-06
Journal
CHEMICAL SCIENCE, v.7, no.6, pp.3900 - 3909
Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
Abstract
Understanding the regioselectivity of C-H activation in the absence of directing groups is an important step towards the design of site-selective C-H functionalizations. The Pd(ii)-catalyzed direct arylation of chromones and enaminones provides an intriguing example where a simple substitution leads to a divergence in substrate-controlled site-selectivity. We describe computational and experimental studies which reveal this results from a switch in mechanism and therefore the selectivity-determining step. We present computational results and experimentally measured kinetic isotope effects and labelling studies consistent with this proposal. The C-H activation of these substrates proceeds via a CMD mechanism, which favors more electron rich positions and therefore displays a pronounced kinetic selectivity for the C3-position. However, C2-selective carbopalladation is also a competitive pathway for chromones so that the overall regiochemical outcome depends on which substrate undergoes activation first. Our studies provide insight into the site-selectivity based on the favorability of two competing CMD and carbopalladation processes of the substrates undergoing coupling. This model can be utilized to predict the regioselectivity of coumarins which are proficient substrates for carbopalladation. Furthermore, our model is able to account for the opposite selectivities observed for enaminone and chromone, and explains how a less reactive coupling partner leads to a switch in selectivity. This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2016
URI
https://pr.ibs.re.kr/handle/8788114/2653
DOI
10.1039/c5sc04590h
ISSN
2041-6520
Appears in Collections:
Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations(분자활성 촉매반응 연구단) > 1. Journal Papers (저널논문)
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