Lagrangian loci in moduli of abelian surfaces

Abstract

We show that any smooth surface germ in the moduli of abelian surfaces arises from a Lagrangian fibration of abelian surfaces. By Donagi–Markman’s cubic condition, the key issue of the proof is to find a suitable affine structure with a compatible cubic form on the base space of the family. We achieve this by analyzing the properties of cubic forms in two variables and proving the existence of the solution of the resulting partial differential equations by the Cauchy–Kowalewski Theorem. Modifying the argument, we show also that a smooth curve germ in the moduli of abelian surfaces arises from a Lagrangian fibration if and only if the curve is a null curve with respect to the natural holomorphic conformal structure on the moduli of abelian surfaces.