On the comparison between phenomenological and kinetic theories of gas mixtures with applications to flocking

Abstract

We study the comparison between the phenomenological and kinetic models for a mixture of gases from the viewpoint of collective dynamics. In the case in which constituents are Eulerian gases, balance equations for mass, momentum, and energy are the same in the main differential part, but production terms due to the interchanges between constituents are different. They coincide only when the thermal and mechanical diffusion are sufficiently small. In this paper, we first verify that both models satisfy the universal requirements of conservation laws of total mass, momentum, and energy, Galilean invariance and entropy principle. Following the work of Ha and Ruggeri (ARMA 2017), we consider spatially homogeneous models which correspond to the generalizations of the Cucker Smale model with thermal effect. In these circumstances, we provide analytical results for the comparison between two resulting models and also present several numerical simulations to complement analytical results. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.